case study
Research Papers
Effectivity of ILF Neurofeedback on Autism Spectrum Disorder—A Case Study
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neural and mental developmental disorder that impacts brain connectivity and information processing. Although application of the infra-low frequency (ILF) neurofeedback procedure has been shown to lead to significant changes in functional connectivity in multiple areas and neuronal networks of the brain, rather limited data are available in the literature for the efficacy of this technique in a therapeutic context to treat ASD. Here we present the case study of a 5-year-old boy with ASD, who received a treatment of 26 sessions of ILF neurofeedback over a 6-month period. A systematic and quantitative tracking of core ASD symptoms in several categories was used to document behavioral changes over time. The ILF neurofeedback intervention decreased the average symptom severity of every category to a remarkable degree, with the strongest effect (80 and 77% mean severity reduction) for physical and sleep symptoms and the lowest influence on behavioral symptoms (15% mean severity reduction). This case study is representative of clinical experience, and thus shows that ILF neurofeedback is a practical and effective therapeutic instrument to treat ASD in children.
View Full Paper →Neurofeedback Treatment of Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia: Two Case Reports
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia, like diminished emotional expression and a dearth of self-initiated behavior do not respond reliably to anti-psychotic medication or to conventional psychotherapeutic approaches. Starting from evidence on the probable neural basis of such symptoms and on the effectiveness of neurofeedback with other psychological disorders, the present case study applied 20 sessions of EEG neurofeedback to a 45-year-old female and a 30-year-old male, both diagnosed with severe negative symptoms of schizophrenia. In both cases GAF scores were improved significantly and at the end of treatment, both patients did not meet the diagnostic criteria of negative symptomatology any longer. Symptom reduction went along with an obvious improvement of social, interpersonal, and cognitive abilities according to the clinical impression. Detailed data analysis revealed that these improvements went along with corresponding changes of EEG parameters and with distinct patterns and strategies of change in each of the two individuals. The results suggest that EEG neurofeedback should be examined on a larger scale as it offers a promising alternative to existing treatment approaches for negative symptoms in schizophrenia.
View Full Paper →Neurofeedback treatment of epilepsy
With electroencephalographic (EEG) biofeedback (or neurofeedback), it is possible to train the brain to de-emphasize rhythms that lead to generation and propagation of seizure and emphasize rhythms that make seizures less likely to occur. With recent improvements in quantitative EEG measurement and improved neurofeedback protocols, it has become possible in clinical practice to eliminate seizures or reduce the amount of medication required to control them. In this article, the history of neurofeedback for epilepsy is presented followed by discussions of the relevant neurophysiology of epilepsy. A model of how neurofeedback might raise the seizure threshold is then presented. Clinical experience using a quantitative EEG-guided approach is described, including a representative case study.
View Full Paper →Performance Enhancement Training Effects on Attention: A Case Study
The purpose of this case study was to evaluate the effects of alpha-increase biofeedback training on human attention. A healthy twenty-three year old male college student had undergone twenty-three sessions of alpha- increase biofeedback (8–13 Hz) at PZ electrode site for a period of eleven weeks. Pre-and Post- visual TOVA CPT test was administered to assess the changes in reaction times and their variability. QEEG evaluation was conducted prior as well as upon the completion of the study. The results of the TOVA test clearly indicate an improvement in individual's reaction time and the reaction time variability. Statistical analysis showed that before and after QEEG evaluations were within normal limits
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